Introduction; Japanese Chrysanthemum
As autumn turns crimson and golden in Japan, another spectacle graces the country: the chrysanthemum, a flower that embodies the essence of the season with its vibrant colors and intricate petals. This flower, called kiku, embodies the essence of the season with its vibrant colors and intricate petals. Although it has a negative image of being uncelebrated, perhaps because it is often used as a Buddhist flower or an offering, it has long been noble and special to the Japanese, as evidenced by the fact that it is the emblem of the imperial family and passports. This article explores the multifaceted meanings woven into the chrysanthemum and its enduring presence in Japanese society.
Origins and Cultural Significance
Chrysanthemums, which had been cultivated in China for medicinal and culinary purposes since ancient times, were brought to Japan around the Heian period (794-1185). Chou-you-no-Sekku (September 9), one of the five seasonal festivals, was also introduced from China, where the medicinal properties of chrysanthemums were associated with wishes for health and longevity. Around the early Edo period (1603-1867), cultivation fever increased and various varieties of chrysanthemums were produced. The custom of admiring chrysanthemums arranged in various ways, such as chrysanthemum flower beds and chrysanthemum dolls, also arose. From the end of the Edo period to the beginning of the Meiji period, chrysanthemums traveled to China and Europe, where they originated, creating a huge gardening boom. The chrysanthemum, which quickly captivated the hearts of the Japanese people with its elegance and grace, developed over the centuries as a symbol of longevity, rejuvenation, and the changing of the seasons, and came to be celebrated through art, poetry, and culture.
Imperial Crest
Central to the symbolism of the chrysanthemum is its association with the Japanese imperial family, symbolized by the authoritative chrysanthemum throne. It is said that the use of the chrysanthemum as the emblem of the imperial family began in the early Kamakura period (1185-1333), when Emperor Go-Toba favored the design of the chrysanthemum and used it as his favorite emblem. The Imperial Crest with its design of a sixteen-petaled chrysanthemum, established in the Meiji period, embodies the authority and lineage of the Japanese emperors. It adorns official documents, government buildings, and the national currency, serving as a tangible link to Japan's rich imperial heritage.
Cultural Festivals and Celebrations
Each year in Japan, the Chrysanthemum Festival heralds the arrival of autumn with the brilliant blooming of chrysanthemums. The festival showcases the diversity and beauty of chrysanthemums, from traditional single varieties to elaborate multi-layered arrangements. Visitors can experience first-hand the cultural significance of this flower by attending chrysanthemum-themed exhibitions, tea ceremonies, and ikebana demonstrations.
Participation in food culture as edible chrysanthemums
The chrysanthemum is also a representative Japanese edible flower. The most common way to eat chrysanthemums is to soak them in hot water, which gives them a subtle floral aroma, a slightly bitter taste, and a crunchy texture. Yamagata Prefecture is famous for the variety enmeiraku, which is also known as mottenohoka. The shape is similar to the imperial family's coat of arms, and the name, which means "What a shame," is what the eater is supposed to exclaim while eating the blossom. The small yellow chrysanthemum that is used as a garnish for sashimi and other dishes, which many people think of as "decoration," is actually edible. However, it is not eaten whole. The petals are pulled out and sprinkled with soy sauce, and then eaten as a garnish for sashimi. The subtle aroma and bitterness accentuate the taste.
Contemporary outlook and innovation
In contemporary Japan, the Chrysanthemum continues to inspire and fascinate. While respecting its traditional symbolism, it has also adapted to modern sensibilities. Breeders continue to innovate, creating new Chrysanthemum varieties with unique colors, shapes and textures. In addition, the chrysanthemum motif has permeated popular culture, appearing in fashion, art and design, symbolizing beauty, elegance and resilience.
Conclusion
As autumn blooms across Japan, the chrysanthemum is a testament to the country's rich cultural heritage and enduring traditions. From imperial emblems to vibrant festivals, its presence resonates deeply in Japanese society, embodying a spirit of recovery and renewal. Let us admire its beauty and reflect on the chrysanthemum's enduring significance as a symbol of Japan's past, present, and future.